The major modes of transportation in Assam are roadways, railways, airways and inland waterways. At present, there are two road cum rail bridges and one road bridge over the river Brahmaputra. Construction of a fourth bridge is about to start and feasibility report on a fifth bridge has been recently completed. With a total road length of approximately 69,000 kms. Assam accounts for approximately 60% of the total road length in the North-east. The major towns in the state are connected by National Highways. With a total rail route length of 2435.13 kms, Assam has a convenient railway network connecting the state to the rest of the country. Within the State, broad gauge rail network connects all the major towns. The Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport at Guwahati is 18 km from the city centre and is well connected to New Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Chennai.

All major airlines operate regular flights to and from Guwahati. There are also regular intra-state air services connecting the six civil airports (Guwahati, Tezpur, Jorhat, Dibrugarh, Silchar & North Lakhimpur) of the state. Some of the tea gardens have their own air-strips and aircrafts. Additionally, the river Brahmaputra has been declared as the 2nd National Waterway of the country. Two Government-owned organisations (Central Inland Waterways Corporation and Directorate of Inland Waterways, Assam) operate water transport services on the river Brahmaputra and Barak on a commercial basis. These services are used for the transportation of passengers and goods alike. Assam's internal waterway network connects it to Bangladesh, giving it access to the ports of Chittagong, Kolkatta and Haldia.